west surrey college of art and design
practice at the Cobham Training Centre located in the village of Stoke d'Abernon near Cobham, Surrey. The National Student Survey 2012 found 95% of our Higher Education students were satisfied with their course. There was rapid expansion in existing towns like Guildford, Farnham, and most spectacularly Croydon, while new towns such as Woking and Redhill emerged beside the railway lines. The Royal College of Art has several awards and prizes which it confers on its graduating students. Surrey has more organisation and company headquarters than any other county in the UK. It has four horse racing courses, and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth. During the 7th century Surrey became Christian and initially formed part of the East Saxon diocese of London, indicating that it was under East Saxon rule at that time, but was later transferred to the West Saxon diocese of Winchester. [64], Numerous medieval churches exist in Surrey, but the county's parish churches are typically relatively small and simple, and experienced particularly widespread destruction and remodelling of their form in the course of Victorian restoration. Before Roman times the area today known as Surrey was probably largely occupied by the Atrebates tribe, centred at Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester), in the modern county of Hampshire, but eastern parts of it may have been held by the Cantiaci, based largely in Kent. Surrey almost entirely escaped the direct impact of fighting during the main phase of the English Civil War in 1642–1646. It is named in honour of Sir Po-Shing and Lady Helen Woo, who have funded scholarships at the RCA since the 1990s. Surrey may have formed part of a larger Middle Saxon kingdom or confederacy, also including areas north of the Thames. Chelsea F.C. [68] A considerable number of smaller houses and public houses of the 16th century are also still standing. The prominence of Surrey peaked in the 1890s, when it was the focus for globally important developments in domestic architecture, in particular the early work of Edwin Lutyens, who grew up in the county and was greatly influenced by its traditional styles and materials.[59][60][61]. The ridge is pierced by the rivers Wey and Mole, tributaries of the Thames, which formed the northern border of the county before modern redrawing of county boundaries, which has left part of its north bank within the county. The county has 41 independent schools, including Charterhouse (one of the nine independent schools mentioned in the Public Schools Act 1868) and the Royal Grammar School, Guildford. Surrey is a relatively affluent county. [49] Bankside was the scene of the golden age of Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre, with the work of playwrights including William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and John Webster performed in its playhouses. Teacher of Art Ms. Mae-lee Gibson (The University of Melbourne) from Dulwich College Suzhou, China. For purposes other than local government the administrative county of Surrey and county borough of Croydon continued to form a "county of Surrey" to which a Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum (chief magistrate) and a High Sheriff were appointed. Latitude and Longitude app for android allows you to get or share map coordinates of your current location. The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation, List of alumni of the Royal College of Art, Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Art, The Royal College of Art: a Study in Modern Architecture and Urbanism, "Royal College of Art Sculpture Building officially reopens", "Wright & Wright's RCA sculpture department refurb", "Royal College of Art's Ambitious Battersea Expansion Plans Approved by Wandsworth Council", "The new RCA Painting Building is now open", "The Sackler Building by Haworth Tompkins", "Royal College of Art by Haworth Tompkins", "RCA opens state of the art Woo Building for jewellery and silversmithing students", "New Gates installed for the opening of the Woo Building Battersea", "The Royal College of Art Launches Its New GenerationRCA", Six UK universities reach the top of worldwide subject league tables, New Rankings of the World's Top Art Schools, https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2020/art-design. The UK has a comprehensive, state-funded education system, accordingly Surrey has 37 state secondary schools, 17 Academies, 7 sixth form colleges and 55 state primaries. However, Surrey was not a major focus of any of these families' interests. The film I Want Candy follows two hopeful lads from Leatherhead trying to break into the movies, and was partly filmed in Brooklands College (Weybridge campus). Surrey (/ˈsʌri/)[2] is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east, East Sussex to the southeast, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west, Berkshire to the northwest, and Greater London to the northeast. Teacher of Art Ms. Carol Xavier (Ontario College of Art & Design) from ELCHK Lutheran Academy, Hong Kong. Due to its proximity to London there are many commuter towns and villages in Surrey. Population pressure in the 12th and 13th centuries initiated the gradual clearing of the Weald, the forest spanning the borders of Surrey, Sussex and Kent, which had hitherto been left undeveloped due to the difficulty of farming on its heavy clay soil.[37]. Three major motorways pass through the county. The Thames now forms the Surrey-Berkshire border between Runnymede and Staines-upon-Thames, before flowing wholly within Surrey to Sunbury, from which point it marks the Surrey-Greater London border as far as Surbiton. These were the hundreds of Blackheath, Brixton, Copthorne, Effingham Half-Hundred, Elmbridge, Farnham, Godalming, Godley, Kingston, Reigate, Tandridge, Wallington, Woking and Wotton. George Abbot, the son of a Guildford clothworker, served as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1611–1633. Brooklands Museum recognises the motoring past of Surrey. They are followed by Ewell with 39,994 people and Camberley with 30,155. [9][10] In 2018 the RCA was granted planning permission to redevelop the Sculpture building into a new Arts & Humanities building, designed by Herzog & de Meuron, with work planned for completion in late 2021. [75] The training ground was built in 2004 and officially opened in 2007. The Atrebates were defeated, their capital captured and their lands made subject to Togodumnus, king of the Catuvellauni, ruling from Camulodunum (Colchester). The upper reaches of the River Eden, a tributary of the Medway, are in Tandridge District, in east Surrey. The Sutton and Mole Valley Lines link Dorking, Leatherhead, Ashtead, Epsom to Waterloo via Ewell West or London Victoria via Ewell East. The River Colne and its anabranch, the Wraysbury River, make a brief appearance in the north of the county to join the Thames at Staines. The still more spectacular palace of Nonsuch was later built for Henry VIII near Ewell. The school expanded further in the 1960s, and in 1967 it received a Royal Charter which gave it the status of an independent university with the power to grant its own degrees.[3]. During the Cornish Rebellion of 1497, the rebels heading for London briefly occupied Guildford and fought a skirmish with a government detachment on Guildown outside the town, before marching on to defeat at Blackheath in Kent. [n 1] Given the vast and widespread landed interests and the national and international preoccupations of the monarchy and the earldom of Wessex, the Abbot of Chertsey was therefore probably the most important figure in the local elite. It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England. The Martians first land on Horsell Common on the north side of Woking, outside the Bleak House pub, now called Sands. A sketchbook by product designer Chris Armstrong, a graduate of Art Center College of Design: l ine drawing using pencil and ink. In 1082 a Cluniac abbey was founded at Bermondsey by Alwine, a wealthy English citizen of London. Parts of it were outside the jurisdiction of the government of the City of London, and as a result the area of Bankside became London's principal entertainment district, since the social control exercised there by the local authorities of Surrey was less effective and restrictive than that of the City authorities. The Atrebates were allied with Rome during the invasion of Britain in AD 43. Austen's unfinished novel The Watsons is also set in Surrey, and Emma Watson's brothers Robert and Samuel live in Croydon and Guildford, respectively, while Emma has recently returned home to the fictional village of Stanton. Besides its role in Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre, many important writers have lived and worked in Surrey. [19] A decade later Surrey passed into the hands of King Caedwalla of Wessex, who also conquered Kent and Sussex, and founded a monastery at Farnham in 686.[20]. The iron industry in the Weald, whose rich deposits had been exploited since prehistoric times, expanded and spread from its base in Sussex into Kent and Surrey after 1550. Modern Painters Survey Ranks School as 3rd Best UK Graduate Arts Programme, RAE 2008 quality profiles: UOA 63 Art and Design, Richmond, The American International University in London, International College of the Cayman Islands, University of Science, Arts and Technology, University of the West Indies Open Campus, University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, Liverpool John Moores University School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent University, School of Art and Design, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_College_of_Art&oldid=1005829314, Educational institutions established in 1837, Grade II listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 16:45. [52][53] A far more profound transformation followed with the arrival of the railways, beginning in the late 1830s. The Board of NAE are looking to hire an exceptional individual as Artistic Director & Chief Executive who can shape and lead the next chapter of the organisation. As a result, they gained representation in Parliament when it became established towards the end of that century, alongside the more substantial urban settlements of Guildford and Southwark. Despite this fluctuating situation it retained its identity as an enduring territorial unit. Remains of Iron Age hillforts exist at Holmbury Hill, Hascombe Hill, Anstiebury (near Capel), Dry Hill (near Lingfield), St Ann's Hill (Chertsey) and St George's Hill (Weybridge). [15][16], The Woo Building was opened on 30 September 2015, completing the Battersea project. The "Surrey Delta" produced many of the musicians in 60s British blues movements. [5], In September 1896 the school received the name Royal College of Art,[6] and the emphasis of teaching there shifted to the practice of art and design. During the Second World War a section of the GHQ Stop Line, a system of pillboxes, gun emplacements, anti-tank obstacles and other fortifications, was constructed along the North Downs. You can share gps coordinates in many ways using Latitude Longitude app. [7] The Darwin Building in Kensington Gore dates from the 1960s and is a Grade II listed building. The character Ford Prefect from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy claimed to be from Guildford in Surrey, but in actuality he was from a small planet somewhere in the vicinity of Betelgeuse. The University of Surrey is a leading university located within the county town of Guildford, Surrey in the South East of England, UK. [3] The geology of this area is dominated by London Clay in the east, Bagshot Sands in the west and alluvial deposits along the rivers. Having sacked Canterbury and London and defeated King Beorhtwulf of Mercia in battle, the Danes crossed the Thames into Surrey, but were slaughtered by a West Saxon army led by King Æthelwulf in the Battle of Aclea, bringing the invasion to an end. Rebecca Ratcliffe, Claire Shaw (29 April 2015). In early 2019, the RCA announced the launch of its new GenerationRCA programme. It also led to the Putney Debates shortly afterwards, in which its signatories met with Oliver Cromwell and other senior officers in the Surrey village of Putney, where the army had established its headquarters, to argue over the future political constitution of England. Donald Henson. For two centuries before the Reform Act, the dominant political network in Surrey was that of the Onslows of Clandon Park, a gentry family established in the county from the early 17th century, who were raised to the peerage in 1716. The major stations in the county are Guildford (8.0 million passengers),[83] Woking (7.4 million passengers),[83] Epsom (3.6 million passengers),[83] Redhill (3.6 million passengers)[83] and Staines (2.9 million passengers).[83]. The longest river to enter Surrey is the Thames, which historically formed the boundary between the county and Middlesex. There are 80 Surrey Wildlife Trust reserves with at least one in all 11 non-metropolitan districts.[84]. Together their lands were assessed at a total of 7,000 hides, equal to the assessment for Sussex or Essex. Cnut's death in 1035 was followed by a period of political uncertainty, as the succession was disputed between his sons. The Surrey Hills are an area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB). [1]:118 It offers postgraduate degrees in art and design to students from over 60 countries. Surrey had a central role in the history of the radical political movements unleashed by the civil war. The South Western Main Line calls at Woking and up to six other Surrey stops including Walton-on-Thames. Successive heads of the family held the post of Lord Lieutenant of Surrey continuously from 1716 to 1814. He raised his standard at Kingston and advanced south, but found little support. The areas that now form the London Boroughs of Croydon, Kingston, Merton, and Sutton and that part of Richmond south of the River Thames, were transferred from Surrey to Greater London. On a smaller scale, Oakhurst Cottage in Hambledon near Godalming is a restored 16th-century worker's home. Find your career in further education. In the case of Surrey, the term was a 'Surrey capon', from Surrey's role in the later Middle Ages as the county where chickens were fattened up for the London meat markets. Oswald was one of the small number of English landowners who managed to increase their holdings in the wake of the conquest: his estates, centred on Effingham, were valued at £18 a year in 1066, but the acquisition of additional manors raised this to £35 by 1086. The building's anodised aluminium gates were designed by alumnus Max Lamb. [22] Mercian rule continued until 825, when following his victory over the Mercians at the Battle of Ellandun, King Egbert of Wessex seized control of Surrey, along with Sussex, Kent and Essex. More characteristic examples of major 17th-century building include West Horsley Place, Slyfield Manor, and the Guildhall in Guildford.[69]. At this point Surrey was evidently under Kentish domination, as the abbey was founded under the patronage of King Ecgberht of Kent. Among those who studied in the predecessor schools in the nineteenth century were Sir George Clausen, Christopher Dresser, Sir Luke Fildes, Kate Greenaway, Gertrude Jekyll[5] and Edwin Lutyens. It has also been speculated that the entries for the Nox gaga and Oht gaga peoples in the Tribal Hidage may refer to two groups living in the vicinity of Surrey. Few traces of the ancient British and Roman periods survive in Surrey. Important medieval[65] church interiors survive at Chaldon, Lingfield, Stoke D'Abernon, Compton and Dunsfold. The highest elevation in Surrey is Leith Hill near Dorking. Abbot's Hospital, founded in 1619, is a grand edifice built in the Tudor style, despite its date. This expansion was reflected in the creation of the County of London in 1889, detaching the areas subsumed by the city from Surrey. Though Surrey was not the scene of serious fighting in the various rebellions and civil wars of the period, armies from Kent heading for London via Southwark passed through what were then the extreme north-eastern fringes of Surrey during the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 and Cade's Rebellion in 1450, and at various stages of the Wars of the Roses in 1460, 1469 and 1471. Having taken lodgings there, Alfred's men were attacked as they slept and killed, mutilated or enslaved by Godwin's followers, while the prince himself was blinded and imprisoned, dying shortly afterwards. At the end of 1643 Surrey combined with Kent, Sussex and Hampshire to form the South-Eastern Association, a military federation modelled on Parliament's existing Eastern Association.[51]. More manicured landscapes can be seen at Claremont Landscape Garden, south of Esher (dating from 1715). When the male line of the Warennes became extinct in the 14th century, the earldom was inherited by the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel. Dapdune Wharf in Guildford commemorates the work of the canal system and is home to a restored Wey barge, the Reliance. Having landed in Kent and been welcomed in London, he advanced across Surrey to attack John, then at Winchester, occupying Reigate and Guildford castles along the way. It contains valued reserves of mature woodland (reflected in the official logo of Surrey County Council, a pair of interlocking oak leaves). During the 5th and 6th centuries Surrey was conquered and settled by Saxons. [citation needed] In 2020 the Surrey Heath district had the highest proportion of tree cover in England at 41%. The eastern part of Surrey was transferred from the Diocese of Winchester to that of Rochester in 1877. [21], In 2020, the RCA was placed first in the art and design subject area in the QS World University Rankings published by Quacquarelli Symonds for the sixth year in a row, with an overall score of 98.9/100. In 1905 this area was separated to form a new Diocese of Southwark. Rather than try to attack London across the river, the Normans continued west through Surrey, crossed the Thames at Wallingford in Berkshire and descended on London from the north-west. Box Hill has the oldest untouched area of natural woodland in the UK, one of the oldest in Europe. [57] Surrey's boundaries were altered again in 1974 when Gatwick Airport was transferred to West Sussex.[58]. It is uncertain what his intentions were, but after landing with a small retinue in Sussex he was met by Godwin, Earl of Wessex, who escorted him in apparently friendly fashion to Guildford. This was Oswald, whose brother Wulfwold, Abbot of Chertsey and Bath, died in 1084. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.[81]. The population density is medium to high on residentially developed land and the area is one of the richest parts of the UK. Most of the county's paper mills closed in the years after 1870, and the last survivor shut in 1928. As a result of the 1965 boundary changes, many of the Surrey boroughs on the south bank of the river were transferred to Greater London, shortening the length associated with the county. Our 2014 college survey of Further Education students at Nescot showed 96% were satisfied with the teaching and learning on their course, 95% felt safe in college and 94% said they were satisfied with the college and their course overall. [5] Surrey also contains England's principal concentration of lowland heath, on sandy soils in the west of the county. Brandon and Short, Ordnance Survey Landranger Map 187, Dorking & Reigate, See their highest grade I listings when searching for the places on the, Census of England and Wales 1891, General Report, Table III: Administrative counties and county boroughs, List of settlements in Surrey by population, rebellion that followed the death of William I, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester, Residents Associations of Epsom and Ewell, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Surrey | Definition of surrey in English by Oxford Dictionaries", "Gardens help towns and cities beat countryside for tree cover", "2001 Census: Town/villages in Surrey with population more than 1000", https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/surrey-county-council-set-based-19102357, "Cricket: After 400 years, history is made next to the A323", "Does gorgeous Surrey need golf course No 142? : 118 It offers postgraduate degrees in art and design … Surrey's inland position shielded it from coastal raiding, so that it was not normally troubled except by the largest and most ambitious Scandinavian armies. It was renamed the Normal Training School of Art in 1857[4] and the National Art Training School in 1863. [2], The RCA was founded in Somerset House in 1837 as the Government School of Design[3] or Metropolitan School of Design. GenerationRCA -among other initiatives- will also "inject science disciplines into the mix of creative disciplines traditionally on offer." The above routes have had a stimulative effect. In the 15th century a Carthusian priory was founded by King Henry V at Sheen. The new programmes will include Environmental Architecture and Digital Direction; with future programmes centred on nano and soft robotics, computer science, and machine learning, material science and the circular economy. The Rolling Stones developed their music at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond. This must have contributed to the antipathy between Godwin and Alfred's brother Edward the Confessor, who came to the throne in 1042. Surrey Community College has programs in social work, education, and hairdressing. The relative development of Surrey at the time of the Beeching cuts led to today's retention of numerous other commuter routes except the Cranleigh Line, all with direct services to London, including: The only diesel route is the east–west North Downs Line, which runs from Reading via Guildford, Dorking Deepdene, Reigate and Redhill. Thus, after a successful redevelopment of the premises by Wright & Wright (budget £4.3m, floor area 2,500 sq m), the Sculpture Building opened in January 2009. It is the only entirely postgraduate art and design university in the United Kingdom. The illusion of space is achieved through varied line-weight and white pencil. This article is about the county of England. Government Quangos such as SEEDA, SEERA and GOSE are headquartered in Guildford. Wholly or partially surviving houses and barns from that century, with considerable later modifications, include those at Bletchingley, Littleton, East Horsley, Ewhurst, Dockenfield, Lingfield, Limpsfield, Oxted, Crowhurst, Haslemere and Old Surrey Hall. The 12th and early 13th centuries also saw the establishment of Augustinian priories at Merton, Newark, Tandridge, Southwark and Reigate. [22][23][24], In August 2015 it was ranked first on a list of master's courses in fashion by Business of Fashion, a fashion website. Jane Austen's novel Emma is set in the fictional town of Highbury, Surrey, and the picnic at which Emma Woodhouse embarrasses Miss Bates takes place on Box Hill. After the Battle of Hastings, the Norman army advanced through Kent into Surrey, where they defeated an English force which attacked them at Southwark and then burned that suburb. See also: The Royal College of Art Society amalgamated with OSARCA (the Old Students Association of the RCA 1912) for the benefit of graduates and associates of the Royal College of Art. The Portsmouth Direct Line is significant in linking Haslemere, Godalming and Guildford to the South Western Main Line at Woking. Apart from the abbey, most of whose lands were within the shire, Surrey was not the principal focus of any major landowner's holdings, a tendency which was to persist in later periods. The Brighton Main Line calls at Horley and Redhill before reaching either London Bridge or London Victoria. Wisley is home to the Royal Horticultural Society gardens. During the baronial revolt against Henry, in 1264 the rebel army of Simon de Montfort passed southwards through Surrey on their way to the Battle of Lewes in Sussex. 1244 live jobs. [3] The Downs and the area to the south form part of a concentric pattern of geological deposits which also extends across southern Kent and most of Sussex, predominantly composed of Wealden Clay, Lower Greensand and the chalk of the Downs. [41] The forces of Wyatt's Rebellion in 1554 passed through what was then northeastern Surrey on their way from Kent to London, briefly occupying Southwark and then crossing the Thames at Kingston after failing to storm London Bridge. As Newington was included in the County of London, it lay outside the area administered by the council, and a site for a new county hall within the administrative county was sought. [62] Most of these sites were created in the 1st century BC and many were re-occupied during the middle of the 1st century AD. It is the home for printmaking and photography, and contains an innovation wing where start-up designers can launch their businesses. [13] Remains of Roman rural temples have been excavated on Farley Heath and near Wanborough and Titsey, and possible temple sites at Chiddingfold, Betchworth and Godstone. [12][13][14], The Dyson Building, named in honour of James Dyson, whose educational charity donated £5m to the development, was opened on 24 September 2012. Surrey (/ ˈ s ʌr i /) is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east, East Sussex to the southeast, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west, Berkshire to the northwest, and Greater London to the northeast. In 1036 Alfred, son of King Æthelred, returned from Normandy, where he had been taken for safety as a child at the time of Cnut's conquest of England. Surrey is divided into eleven districts. In addition to formal qualifications the RCA also offers Summer school and Executive education courses throughout the year. The Fitzalan line of Earls of Surrey died out in 1415, but after other short-lived revivals in the 15th century the title was conferred in 1483 on the Howard family, who still hold it. Consequently, the towns Staines, Woking, Guildford, Walton-on-Thames, Epsom and Ewell and Reigate and Redhill, statistically the largest examples,[82] are established rapid-transit commuter towns for Central London. Ian Nairn, Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry, This page was last edited on 14 March 2021, at 10:54. This phenomenon of commuting brought explosive growth to Surrey's population and wealth, and tied its economy and society inextricably to London. UK fashion schools top global rankings, but are their students ready for work? From the 17th century the number of surviving buildings proliferates further. The repercussions of this antagonism helped bring about the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.[31][32]. [43] However, this period also saw the emergence of important new industries, centred on the valley of the Tillingbourne, south-east of Guildford, which often adapted watermills originally built for the now moribund cloth industry. Towns of between 25,000 and 30,000 inhabitants are Ashford, Epsom, Farnham, Staines and Redhill. In 1960 the report of the Herbert Commission recommended that much of north Surrey (including Kingston and Croydon) be included in a new "Greater London". During King John's struggle with the barons, Magna Carta was issued in June 1215 at Runnymede near Egham. [28] The renewed Danish attacks during the disastrous reign of Æthelred led to the devastation of Surrey by the army of Thorkell the Tall, which ravaged all of southeastern England in 1009–1011. In 851 an exceptionally large invasion force of Danes arrived at the mouth of the Thames in a fleet of about 350 ships, which would have carried over 15,000 men. In 1649 the Diggers, led by Gerrard Winstanley, established their communal settlement at St. George's Hill near Weybridge to implement egalitarian ideals of common ownership, but were eventually driven out by the local landowners through violence and litigation. The upheaval of 1381 also involved widespread local unrest in Surrey, as was the case all across south-eastern England, and some recruits from Surrey joined the Kentish rebel army. This area now forms the borough of Spelthorne. The name Surrey is derived from Sūþrīge (or Suthrige), meaning "southern region", and this may originate in its status as the southern portion of the Middle Saxon territory.[16][17]. The large ink splatter bleeds onto the next page, creating movement and bringing life to … Farnham Castle was briefly occupied by the advancing Royalists in late 1642, but was easily stormed by the Parliamentarians under Sir William Waller. In 1849 Brookwood Cemetery was established near Woking to serve the population of London, connected to the capital by its own railway service. A smaller Digger commune was then established near Cobham, but suffered the same fate in 1650. Royal College of Music. [10] The administration is due to move to Reigate in 2021.[11]. [8], Guildford is often regarded as the historic county town,[9] although the county administration was moved to Newington in 1791 and to Kingston upon Thames in 1893. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the demise of Surrey's long-standing industries manufacturing paper and gunpowder. Electronics manufacturers Whirlpool, Canon, Toshiba, Samsung and Philips are housed here, as are distributors Burlodge, Future Electronics, Kia Motors and Toyota UK, the medico-pharma companies Pfizer and Sanofi-Aventis and oil giant Esso. Domesday Book valued the Surrey estates of Chertsey Abbey in 1066 at £189 a year, the abbey's only other holdings being £11 worth in Berkshire. To the south of the Downs in the western part of the county are the sandstone Surrey Hills, while further east is the plain of the Low Weald, rising in the extreme southeast to the edge of the hills of the High Weald.